Hi Matt and welcome. You've gotten some good feedback/info so far, just wanted to add a few thoughts. First, congrats on your new little family member! So glad you could take her in, and she's going to be a delight in your life.
As I was reading, I kept thinking ... she's just being a puppy. Keep in mind, she's had a HUGE upheaval in her little life. As it is, she's a baby dog and was trying to figure things in a human world. Now she's left that world, and is in a whole
new world (yours) starting over yet again. It sounds easy for us, but for them, it's huge. Dogs are masters of our body language, and literally spend their waking hours studying us. They are incredible creatures (if only more people realized that!) who watch our every move, they know when we're leaving for work, what picking up our keys mean, what putting on certain shoes mean, what putting down that coffee cup means, what putting on that certain sweatshirt or jacket mean, what the leash means, what turning on (or off) the tv means, and on and on and on... On top of that, he's learning how to live in a human world right now (cuz he's only a a baby) - most adult dogs would have all that part down. He's gotta figure out the part about us not liking the nipping so much
, how to tell you things so you understand (the barking), where and when he's supposed to potty, how to walk on that dumb leash (no leashes in a dog's world), and all kinds of human stuff. And that rule about "when they learn to walk on a leash, the rest falls into place" - toss that one out, along with dogs walking beside or behind you. More on that in a minute. Anyway - give your girl some time, and carry ALL your patience with you at all times. You're gonna need it ALL for a while.
As to her staying in her crate for 10 hours while you work - 10 hours is a LONG time for any dog, but for a 4 month old puppy, it's an ETERNITY. Is there any possibility you could have a dog-walker come and let her out for potty and play time a couple times during the day? First, she shouldn't be asked to hold it that long - whether or not she can. It's too long for a puppy to have to. And to ask a 4 month old puppy to stay 10 hours in a crate is almost like a punishment, it's just too long. It's meaning she's basically out only a few hours a day - she's out a few hours, then it's bedtime, back in the crate again. Please, if there's any way you can have someone come during the day and give her a break, please do it. It will also be healthier for her physically to get out and stretch those growing legs and exercise, run, walk a bit during the day.
As far as her walks with you go, keep in mind that dogs explore the world with their noses (way more than their eyes). Please let her do some following that nose when she's out, and not just keep her walking right next to or behind you. Absolutely, they need to learn not to drag you down the street like Marmaduke. I have Germ Sheps and I totally understand, one can't be flying behind their dogs helter skelter. There are several threads on loose leash walking, please look them up and read them - there is loads of info. An "Easy-Walk Harness" might also help in the meantime until she learns her leash manners. LLW (loose leash walking) takes a while to learn, but she will. Please do give her "sniff time" tho - as that's how she learns all about the world 'out there'.
As to her following you all around .... Labs are stereotypically very much "people dogs". I have Sheppies, they are too (as are Goldens, and a few other breeds). Yes, many will follow you everywhere, just cuz they want to be with you, want to watch you, want to see what you're doing....and hey, it might just involve them, they sure don't want to miss out on any fun!
She may finally settle down and relax a bit, or she may follow you around her whole life. I had one who basically followed me her entire life until around 11 yrs old, when it got too hard cuz of arthritis to keep getting up, so she finally decided I could walk to a different room without her. Whew! Get used to it - you may have not only acquired a dog, but one additional shadow.
And if that's the case, I bet she's gonna be one incredible "daddy's girl".
As to her coming when called - it's something they must learn, and be worth their while. There are lots af threads on recall. Look those up, again, there is a ton of info, and several of those threads are new and ongoing. Just a hint: call her to you when she's really close by (literally a couple feet away, and looking at you) and when you KNOW she'll come, and when she arrives, treat with something fabulous (a piece of chicken, hot dog, etc). And practice that a zillion times a day. Set her up for success, she's young (think baby, toddler) - keep calling her when she's only a few feet away and looking at you, then give her a delectable treat. She'll start coming more and more often, and from farther away - and practice from different areas (the kitchen, the living room, the bedroom, the yard, etc). Practice makes perfect - and keep those rewards coming!
As for her barking .... Southerngirl asked a good question ... when is she barking, and what's she barking at? Is she looking at you and barking? Or ?? Tell us more info and we can perhaps give you some suggestions.
Overall, you're going to have a blast - just keep your patience handy, puppies are wonderful, they just require patience, and they grow up so fast. They're so fun tho!!! There are loads of people on here who can lend so much insight and help, please just ask. And more pics, please!!!