Hi again:
Personally ... we look at dog behaviours like we do behaviours in humans ... you have to know the individual to understand the reason behind the behaviour .... just like people claim that when you're talking to someone and they cross their arms, it means they don't like what they're hearing and they're signalling that they're cutting you off and not listening ... well, sometimes the person is cold and they're warming themselves, sometimes it's because it's just the way they're comfortable positioning themselves ... the same behaviour can occur for multiple reasons and needs to be interpreted according to the context of the situation, the individual and a host of other things going on in the environment.
We have no doubt that in some dogs, licking could be interpreted as a dominance behaviour ... personally, our dog is quite submissive and licks herself and others, we think it's more of a submissive behaviour in her on most occasions ( although we're inclined to believe she's laying claim to us -- marking us with her scent -- when she licks us specifically ) ... we just don't like classifying things absolutely ... much prefer the individualized approach and taking the behaviour in context of the situation and environment the dog is in at the time ... like parents with children ( no one know's a child's behaviour and temperment better than their own parent ... well, usually anyway ) the same goes for dogs and other animals ... we know our animals best and are the best suited for interpreting our pets' behaviour under various circumstances ....
Sorry, we recently got a new computer and we're still having a problem transferring info from the old one to the new one ... once we find the link to that article we will pass it on.
Hope everyone is well tonight, take care: Hivin